BPC-157

BPC-157 is a synthetic gastric pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) originally identified in human gastric juice and described in the literature as a stable gastric peptide with cytoprotective properties. Its mechanism is not fully characterized. Researchers have proposed involvement of angiogenic signaling (including vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), the nitric oxide pathway, and gut–brain axis signaling, but no single defined receptor has been conclusively established as its primary target. BPC-157 has been investigated primarily in preclinical models — in-vitro and animal studies — of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity, tendon and ligament healing, vascular signaling, and inflammatory responses. A limited phase II clinical trial in ulcerative colitis has been reported, with no demonstrated toxicity, but robust human clinical evidence is lacking. Evidence level: predominantly preclinical (in-vitro and animal), with limited early-phase human data. Findings from laboratory and animal studies should not be interpreted as established clinical benefits in humans. BPC-157 is not approved by the FDA for any indication. Supplied as a research-grade material for laboratory use only.