Individual research material
MOTS-C
Laboratory research areas
Mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in cellular metabolic signaling, mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and laboratory models.
Research Library
Mitochondrial Research Collection
Individual research materials relevant to laboratory investigation of cellular energetics and mitochondrial biology.
Individual research material
SS-31
Laboratory research areas
Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide investigated in studies of cardiolipin, electron transport, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Individual research material
NAD+
Laboratory research areas
Cellular coenzyme examined in redox metabolism and research on NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38.
Why these materials are grouped
These materials appear in mitochondrial and cellular-energetics literature. Their placement here is organizational only and does not imply combined use or efficacy.
References
- Lee C, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism, 2015 (PubMed PMID 25738459; PMC4350682).
- Subsequent peer-reviewed reports on mitochondrial-derived peptides and proposed metabolic signaling pathways (public literature, 2015–2023).
- Reviews of mitochondrial-derived peptides as candidate signaling molecules (public review articles).
- Stealth BioTherapeutics clinical development: TAZPOWER trial (Barth syndrome); MMPOWER trials (primary mitochondrial myopathy).
- U.S. FDA — accelerated approval of elamipretide (brand FORZINITY) for Barth syndrome, 2025; FDA Orphan Drug Designation for Friedreich's ataxia; Rare Pediatric Disease designation for Barth syndrome.
- Johns Hopkins Medicine research on elamipretide in Barth-syndrome cell models and clinical trial (PMC4267688).
- Peer-reviewed studies on SS-31, cardiolipin, and mitochondrial function (Szeto–Schiller peptide family).
- Phase 3 development reported for primary mitochondrial myopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
- Satoh A, et al. (Imai SI group). Sirt1 extends life span and delays aging in mice. Cell Metabolism, 2013 (PubMed PMID 24011076).
- Reviews of NAD+ metabolism, sirtuins, and NAD-boosting strategies (e.g., PMC9495723).
- Human trial directly comparing NAD+ precursors (NR, NMN, nicotinamide) showing approximately 2× circulating NAD+ after two weeks (public literature).
- Public review articles on NAD+ as a coenzyme and as a substrate for NAD-consuming enzymes (sirtuins, PARP, CD38).
